Why are the knees injured: reasons what to do

The pain in the knee is widespread symptom, signaling trouble in the body - the appearance of a common illness or simply increased leg load.

It is difficult to find a person who never experienced pain in the knees in a certain period of time.Uneasiness, clicks or pain of different intensities in knee joints occur in both adults and children for many reasons.The older person becomes, the more likely the probability of various diseases, which is the first sign of whom pain in the knees.This is due to the age characteristic of the body: slowing down metabolic processes, wear tissue of cartilage joints, join other problems with musculos-bone system, blood nerves.

Due to the complex anatomical structure, many structures and significant loads perceive, and often overloaded, knee joints are very vulnerable.Damage to any element of the structure, for example, the Sinovian bag leads to a breach of the knee engine function and accordingly, pain syndrome.Ligaments and meniscies are considered the most vulnerable, they were injured in 80-85% of cases.

The anatomical structure of the knee

The knee consists of the knee joint, the distal end of the femur with two tumors, tibia tubes, muscles, nerves, vessels, ligaments, patals) and meniscus.

Knee joint is one of the large body joints.The femoral bone is approaching him up.The hinged area of her side (external) and medial (internal) horse) are articulated by Patel and Tibia.Meniski, which are cartilage tissue cartilage, served as joint shock absorbers.Thanks to them, the rational distribution of human weight occurs on the plateau tiger plateau and the stability of the joint increase.Subtle, two-head, semi-back and other muscles synchronize capsules-ligament structures, ensuring the motor activity of the knee joint.

The elements of the knee are interconnected by many ligaments.There are two cross ligaments - rear and front of the joint.The bones of the hobby are associated with fiber and tibia bones with collateral ligaments.The draft of the posteal ligament is located in the back of the Burse from the knee joint.Main - Sinovial capsule, not communicating with compound, is characterized by more articulated cavities.The blood supply to the elements of the knee is performed by a nobleman of blood vessels, and the internal is done by nerve fibers.

Causes of knee pain

There are many causes of the painful knee joint, which can be conditionally divided into several groups.

Traumatic lesions of knee elements:

1. Bitter knees.As a result of the vage vessel, local bleeding occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Redness, swelling, nervous ending damage leads to pain, movement difficulties.
2. Full or partial rupture of the ligament.More often, partial violation of the integrity of the internal side ligament, which arises from excessive curling of the lower leg, is diagnosed.

The external ligament is left less often than inner.It is due to the strong deviation of the lower leg inward, when for example turning the leg.The rupture of misdemeanor ligaments is inevitably accompanied by hemartrosis.

The complete rupture of both ligaments is often combined with damage to the common bag, suppressing the internal meniscus.Such injuries lead to the excess of the knee joint, with strong pain, whose intensity depends on the degree of the gap.

1. Head of the knee wrist - blood spill in the articular cavity.There is a traumatic and inhumane nature.Traumatic hemartrosis is noticed with the ruptures of meniscus, full or incomplete ligament ruptures, intraunticular fractures, knee areas.The inconvenient option is one of the symptoms of diseases characterized by increased brevity of the walls of blood vessels or violations of the blood coagulation system.They include hemophilia, scoop, heavy forms of hemorrhagic diathesis.The blood that accumulated in the joints in the cavity compresses the tissue, violates the circulation of blood in them.Special pigment - Hemosiderin - negatively affects the ligaments, hijalin cartilage, sinovy bag, leading to loss of their elasticity.The result of the lesion of the common bunac is the swelling of its Willia and increased production of shared fluid.The result of repeated bleeding is a dystrophy and destruction of the wrist.
2. Knee meniscopathy - Violation of the integrity of the meniscus of the knee joint.In lateral form, the external meniscus is damaged, with a medial - internal.This is one of the most common, but it is difficult to diagnose your knee wrist damage.In the risky zone of the disease are not only athletes involved in intensive training, but also ordinary people.Rupture of the meniscus can come from a sharp unusual movement when you turn the body, turning your leg, a strong blow to your knees.
3. DISLOCATION OF KNIVE CUP - Pathological relocation of the patella.Trauma is diagnosed in no more than 0.7% of cases of the total number of dislocations.More often there is external dislocation, less often - internal, very rare - vertical or torsion.With incomplete dislocation, a purchased glass is determined through the side (external) consonance, with full - outside by side condylations.
4. Closed or outdoor knee joint fragments, upper part of the lower leg or lower spine. Such injuries are often combined with knee-bleed damage, causing massive bleeds, excessive mobility in the knee area, its deformation.

Inflammatory and degenerative-distrophical diseases of the joint elements of the knee:

1. Arthritis - inflammatory damage to knee joints.A similar mechanism for the development of pathology was observed with osteoarthritis, ankylosis of spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (with a sediment embed in the joints).
2. OsteoArtlost (gonartost) With the defeat of the joint of the knees of non-extinguishing nature, which affects all its structures and lead to serious degenerative changes.
3. Bursitis With the inflammation of the Sinovian, Bursa leads to pain during bending and expanding the movement in the knee.
4. Periarthritis Knee joint tendons - Inflammation of the capsules of the geese paws, knee tendon, as well as muscles and ligaments that surround the wrist.In this case, the pain occurs mainly during stairs descent, especially with high load and focuses on the inner surface of the knee.
5. Hondropathy Patela -Degenerative - non-bang changes in the cartilage (rear) surface of the patella.The degree of destruction may be different: from the field of softening light to cracks and complete abrasion.

6. Hondromatoza - Serious chronic disease due to the process of dysplastics with the island section of the joint membrane parts in the cartilage - Chondrom.Ossification of individual cartilage bodies is not excluded.
7. Bakery cyst - Forming a thick elastic round tumor tumor in the poplite Fossu located on the opposite side of Patela.The cyst is clearly visible in the exposed state of the knee.It causes discomfort, pain in a spotable region.With significant size, clenches blood vessels and nerves, leading to damaged innervation and circulation of blood.
8. GOFF disease - disease, accompanied by damage and further degeneration of adipose tissue located around the knee joint.Pinches, edema and other damage to fatty cells - Adipocytes - finish their replacement with dense fibrous tissue.As a result, the buffer function of the "fat pillow" is disturbed, the adipose tissue itself cannot be able to play the role of shock absorber.
9. Osgud -swerter disease - Pathology characterized by the murders of the bunch part of Tibia.Diagnostics in adolescents from 10 to 18 years playing sports.Below the painful shocks appears below Patela, in the absence of treatment, leading to a leg limit or complete immobilization, as well as hydrotrophies of muscles.

Diseases where possible radiation of knee pain:

1. Kokesartroza hip joint - Chronic hip joint damage, accompanied by progressive degeneration and dystrophic changes in it.Often pain spreads down the outer surface of the thigh to the knee or below.
2. Neuropathy for the Silated Nerve - non-inflammatory damage to the nerve as a result of compression of grip or spasm of blood vessels.This nerve reaches the feet, starting from the lower back and passes through a cart and pelvis.The blockade at any time leads to a length of susceptibility or pulsating pain for its length.
3. Fibromyalgia - external defeat of soft tissues of non-extinguishing nature with a combination of symptoms in the form of arhralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases leading to knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - The bone disease of a chronic progressive course system, changing the mineral composition and bone density."Sparkling" calcium from bones leads to its fragility.The process is accompanied by smoke or pain pain in the limbs.
2. Tuberculosis bones.The tuberculose lesion of bones leads to permanent strong pain.
3. Osteomyelitis - a disease of contagious and inflammatory nature, which affects all structural elements of bones.The result of specific, for example, tuberculosis and nonpecific, more often cocals, osteomyelitis is skin hyperemia, edema, local acute bones and muscle pain, febrile temperature.
4. Some contagious diseases.With Reiter syndrome, in addition to the inclusion of urogenital tract and eye mucosa they are influenced by joints.One of the events of Lyme's disease is Arthralgia.

Knee pain types

Depending on etiology, nature and pain intensity can be different.

• Bolan.With arthritis, osteoarthrosis.
• Acute, strong.With knee elements, ligamental rupture, acute bulge, knee bridging, deterioration of meniscopathy, deformation osteoarthrosis.
• Pulsating.With launched deforming arthritis, meniscus injuries.
• Drilling.With osteomyelitis.
• Nerd.With a credible, chronic osteochondritis.
• Ignition.With the compression of the sciatic nerve, the process of tuberculosis into the bones.
• Shooting. When you clog the nerve trunk.
• Pain when walking.With bakery cyst, buplom, arthritis, gonartrosis, periartride.
• I'm in pain. With Gout, Arthritis.

Diagnosis pathologies that cause knee pain

Physical examination:

• Collection of anamnesis and complaints;
• Visual inspection with knee palpation.

Laboratory research:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• Serological blood test;
• Immune blood test;
• Rheumatological tests;
• Bacteriological analysis of sinovial fluids.

Invasive instrumental methods:

• arthroscopy;
• puncture common bags;
• Pierce bone biopsy.

Non-invasive instrumental diagnosis:

• knee joint radiography;
• Densitometry;
• Ultrasonic joint study;
• MRI or CT.

Treatment of knee pain

If pain in one or both knees does not -hman the nature, then you need to turn the therapist, which will be based on the patient's complaints and results in the narrow expert - orthopedic, rheumatologist, flectogues or neurologists or neurologists.In case of any injury, you must contact a surgeon or orthopedic trauma.

The treatment in any case is different, depends on the cause of pain, ie the type of injury or disease.Every disease has its own treatment regime.But first, the patient must observe several general rules:

• significantly reduce hiking duration and stay on their feet during the day;
• Athletes temporarily (before recovery) to leave training and ordinary people to run or jump;
• When increasing pain, you completely leave the movements, apply the bend for fastening from elastic bend to your knees;
• wear a bandage or bend for the immobilization of the knee joint;
• Along with bruising, cold in the place of traumatic effects.

Rheumatoid, psoriatic arthritis, system autoimmune diseases require serious integrated treatment, spent months.Basic therapy consists of immunospressors, non-ecarant anti -infavatory and hormonal drugs, gold preparation, etc.

In the treatment of burritis, pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs are used.If an infection is detected, then an antibiotic course.The therapeutic puncture of the bag that is removed from the excess fluid from the Sinovi cavity and / or the introduction of one of its Koricosteroids.Operation helps to get rid of chronic brush inflammation - surgical cutting sinovy bag.

With deforming osteoarthrosis, intra -ticular injections of glucocorticosteroids, extended entry of NSAIDs and hondroprotectors are effective.To mitigate the pain syndrome, the dimexide or bischophyte, fats and gels with antinamotor effects are prescribed locally prescribed.Massage, physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics helps.Heavy knee joint lesions require surgical intervention - common endoprosthika.

The treatment of osteoporosis consists during the taking of bisphosphone, calcitonia, calcium preparation, vitamin D, etc.

The treatment of the rupture meniscus can be conservative or surgical.Conservative therapy consists of analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acids, hondroprotectors.But first movement is done.

Types of surgical intervention:

• Meniscectomy;
• Partial (incomplete) menisctomy;
• Meniscus transplant;
• arthroscopy;
• Arthroscopic sewing of the Rupture of the meniscus.

With any knee injury, after treatment, rehabilitation period, which should take place under the control of rehabilitologists or orthopedists, is very important.The doctor will compose the optimal common recovery program.The main methods of postoperative rehabilitation are massage and therapeutic gymnastics.Classes on special simulators are also effective, gradually develop the knee joint.